Notify Individuals

Notify individuals. If you quickly notify people that their personal information has been compromised, they can take steps to reduce the chance that their information will be misused. In deciding who to notify, and how, consider:

  • state laws
  • the nature of the compromise
  • the type of information taken
  • the likelihood of misuse
  • the potential damage if the information is misused 

For example, thieves who have stolen names and Social Security numbers can use that information not only to sign up for new accounts in the victim’s name, but also to commit tax identity theft. People who are notified early can take steps to limit the damage.

When notifying individuals, the FTC recommends you:

  • Consult with your law enforcement contact about the timing of the notification so it doesn’t impede the investigation.
  • Designate a point person within your organization for releasing information. Give the contact person the latest information about the breach, your response, and how individuals should respond.
  • Consider using letters (see sample below), websites, and toll-free numbers to communicate with people whose information may have been compromised. If you don’t have contact information for all of the affected individuals, you can build an extensive public relations campaign into your communications plan, including press releases or other news media notification.
  • Consider offering at least a year of free credit monitoring or other support such as identity theft protection or identity restoration services, particularly if financial information or Social Security numbers were exposed. When such information is exposed, thieves may use it to open new accounts. 

State breach notification laws typically tell you what information you must, or must not, provide in your breach notice. In general, unless your state law says otherwise, you’ll want to:

  • Clearly describe what you know about the compromise. Include:
    • how it happened
    • what information was taken
    • how the thieves have used the information (if you know)
    • what actions you have taken to remedy the situation
    • what actions you are taking to protect individuals, such as offering free credit monitoring services
    • how to reach the relevant contacts in your organization

Consult with your law enforcement contact about what information to include so your notice doesn’t hamper the investigation.

Tell people what steps they can take, given the type of information exposed, and provide relevant contact information. For example, people whose Social Security numbers have been stolen should contact the credit bureaus to ask that fraud alerts or credit freezes be placed on their credit reports. See IdentityTheft.gov/databreach for information on appropriate follow-up steps after a compromise, depending on the type of personal information that was exposed. Consider adding this information as an attachment to your breach notification letter, as we’ve done in the model letter below.

Include current information about how to recover from identity theft. For a list of recovery steps, refer consumers to IdentityTheft.gov.

Consider providing information about the law enforcement agency working on the case, if the law enforcement agency agrees that would help. Identity theft victims often can provide important information to law enforcement.

Encourage people who discover that their information has been misused to report it to the FTC, using IdentityTheft.gov. IdentityTheft.gov will create an individualized recovery plan, based on the type of information exposed. And, each report is entered into the Consumer Sentinel Network, a secure, online database available to civil and criminal law enforcement agencies.

Describe how you’ll contact consumers in the future. For example, if you’ll only contact consumers by mail, then say so. If you won’t ever call them about the breach, then let them know. This information may help victims avoid phishing scams tied to the breach, while also helping to protect your company’s reputation. Some organizations tell consumers that updates will be posted on their website. This gives consumers a place they can go at any time to see the latest information.



In today's interconnected world, data breaches are an unfortunate reality. Whether it's a sophisticated cyberattack or a simple human error, the unauthorized access to sensitive information can have devastating consequences for individuals and organizations alike. While prevention is paramount, knowing how to respond effectively in the aftermath of a breach is equally critical. A key aspect of that response is data breach reporting. Why is Data Breach Reporting So Important? Data breach reporting is the process of notifying relevant authorities and affected parties about a security incident that has compromised personal or sensitive data. It's more than just an administrative formality; it's a legal obligation in many jurisdictions and has a profound impact on: Protecting Individuals: Prompt reporting allows affected individuals to take necessary steps to mitigate potential harm, such as changing passwords, monitoring their credit reports, and being vigilant against identity theft.Legal Compliance: Numerous laws and regulations, like ...read more



The HIPAA Breach Notification Rule, 45 CFR §§ 164.400-414, requires HIPAA covered entities and their business associates to provide notification following a breach of unsecured protected health information. Similar breach notification provisions implemented and enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), apply to vendors of personal health records and their third party service providers, pursuant to section 13407 of the HITECH Act. ...read more



In today's digital landscape, data breaches are an unfortunate reality that businesses of all sizes must contend with. A single security lapse can lead to significant financial losses, reputational damage, and legal headaches. While prevention is paramount, having a clear and well-defined data breach reporting procedure is crucial for minimizing the fallout when the inevitable happens. This article will guide you through the essential steps your business needs to take. Why a Solid Breach Reporting Procedure is Non-Negotiable Data breaches are not just a concern for large corporations; they affect small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) just as much, if not more so. A robust reporting procedure serves multiple critical purposes: Compliance with Regulations: Various data privacy regulations, like GDPR, CCPA, and others, mandate specific reporting timelines and requirements. Failure to comply can result in hefty fines and legal action.Minimizing Damage: Swift and decisive action can significantly limit the scope ...read more



A breach is, generally, an impermissible use or disclosure under the Privacy Rule that compromises the security or privacy of the protected health information.  An impermissible use or disclosure of protected health information is presumed to be a breach unless the covered entity or business associate, as applicable, demonstrates that there is a low probability that the protected health information has been compromised based on a risk assessment of at least the following factors: The nature and extent of the protected health information involved, including the types of identifiers and the likelihood of re-identification;The unauthorized person who used the protected health information or to whom the disclosure was made;Whether the protected health information was actually acquired or viewed; andThe extent to which the risk to the protected health information has been mitigated.Covered entities and business associates, where applicable, have discretion to provide the required breach notifications following an impermissible ...read more

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